Raspberry cultivar named &#39;wsu 1090&#39;

ABSTRACT

A new and distinct cultivar of red raspberry (i.e.,  Rubus idaeus  L.) is provided. The cultivar forms exceptionally large fruit with good flavor. The fruit is conical in shape. The fruit is larger, firmer, and has a greater length/width ratio than the fruit of most raspberry cultivars.

GOVERNMENT INTERESTS

[0001] The invention was made in part with Federal formula fundspursuant to the Hatch Act and was part of Project WNP00640. The UnitedStates Government has certain rights in the invention.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] This invention concerns a new and distinct cultivar of redraspberry plant with a botanical name of Rubus ideaus L.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Many cultivars of raspberry plant are known. For instance,raspberry cultivars named ‘Emily,’ ‘Prelude,’ and ‘Holyoke’ aredescribed in U.S. Plant Pat. Nos. 12,350, 11,747, and 11,094respectively. The parents of the new and distinct cultivar of thepresent invention are ‘Chilliwack’ and WSU 994. Other known raspberrycultivars include ‘Tulameen’ and ‘Meeker.’

[0004] The instant plant, WSU 1090, originated from a hand-pollinatedcross of ‘Chilliwack’ (non-patented)×WSU 994 (non-patented) made in 1989at Washington State University Puyallup Research and Extension Center,Puyallup Wash. ‘Chilliwack’ is a red raspberry cultivar released fromAgriculture and AgriFood Canada in 1987 that is not patented.‘Chilliwack’ is a vigorous plant with erect laterals and produces firmfruit that releases easily from the receptacle. WSU 994 is a redraspberry selection from the Washington State University breedingprogram and is not patented. WSU 994 has long fruiting laterals andproduces fruit with many drupelets per fruit. The fruiting laterals ofWSU 994 are not stiff enough given their length and the fruit is soft.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] WSU 1090 is distinguished primarily by its large, firm fruit. Thefruit is attractive, with excellent traditional raspberry flavor. Thefruit also has a greater length/width ratio than the fruit of mostraspberry cultivars.

[0006] WSU 1090 is distinguished from its parent WSU 994 in havingstiffer fruiting laterals, fruit that releases more easily from itsreceptacles, firmer fruit, and larger fruit.

[0007] WSU 1090 is distinguished from its parent ‘Chilliwack’ in havinglarger fruit, more drupelets per fruit, and a larger length/width ratioof its fruit.

[0008] WSU 1090 is distinguished from ‘Meeker’ in having thickerfloricanes, wider and longer leaflets, fewer flowers per lateral, a moreacidic fruit, firmer and larger fruit, and a larger length/width ratioof its fruit.

[0009] WSU 1090 is distinguished from ‘Tulameen’ in having longer andthicker floricanes and primocanes, wider and longer leaflets, longerlaterals, larger and firmer fruit, and more drupelets per fruit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] The accompanying photographs show typical specimens of the newcultivar, in color as nearly true as it is reasonably possible to makein color illustrations of this character. Photographs are intended toshow morphological features of the plant.

[0011]FIG. 1 is a photograph of a young primocane of WSU 1090, less than30 cm tall, taken Jul. 20, 2001, showing frequency and shape of spines.

[0012]FIG. 2 is a photograph of a primocane of WSU 1090, approximately 1m tall, taken Aug. 2, 2001 showing reduced numbers and size of spines.The waxy bloom is rubbed off in one portion of the cane.

[0013]FIG. 3 is a photograph of the upper surface of a leaf from aprimocane of WSU 1090.

[0014]FIG. 4 is a photograph showing a flower and immature fruit of WSU1090.

[0015]FIG. 5 is a photograph of fruit and receptacle of WSU 1090

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] History and Growth

[0017] The seeds resulting from the controlled hybridization of‘Chilliwack’×WSU 994 were germinated in a greenhouse during the winterof 1989-1990. Resulting seedlings were planted in the spring of 1990 atWashington State University Puyallup Research and Extension Center,Puyallup, Wash. The seedlings fruited in 1992 and one, designated WSU1090, was selected for its large, firm, attractive fruit and itsapparent productivity.

[0018] During 1992, the original plant selection was propagatedasexually in a greenhouse at Puyallup, Wash., by rooting cuttingsderived from root material. A replicated planting of four replicationsof three plants each was established in spring 1993 at Puyallup, Wash.Subsequently, additional test plantings were established from asexuallypropagated plants that were propagated from root cuttings ormicropropagated using meristem cultures from axillary buds ofprimocanes. Plantings were established in several locations inWashington (Vancouver; Puyallup; Mt. Vernon; and Lynden, Wash.). Allasexually propagated plants have been observed to be true to type duringall asexual multiplication and the vegetative and fruit characteristicsof the original plants have been maintained. Plants fruited in thesecond or third season of growth after planting.

[0019] Test plantings have shown this new variety to be adapted to alltested locations in western Washington. There has been no observedwinter damage, but winter hardiness is unknown.

[0020] Plants of the new variety have vigorous growth with long fruitinglaterals. Plants have been grown in the hill system with 10-12 canesretained per hill and the primocanes pruned to 120 cm in winter.Fruiting plots were 213 cm tall with a width of 158 cm. An adequatenumber of canes have been produced each year.

[0021] Measurements

[0022] When objects could be accurately measured with an 8 mm diametermeasuring opening (leaves and fruit), color was measured with a MinoltaChroma Meter CR-200b, which measures color in L*, a*, b* colorcoordinates. Calibration was performed using a standard white platesupplied by the manufacturer. These L*, a*, b* coordinates wereconverted and presented in Munsell color notation. For all other colormeasurements, color was compared with Royal Horticultural Society ColourChart color plates and presented as Royal Horticultural Society ColourChart designations (1966, published by The Royal Horticultural SocietyLondon and the Flower Council of Holland).

[0023] The descriptions reported herein are from specimens grown atPuyallup, Wash., unless otherwise noted.

[0024] Size

[0025] The number of canes per hill, diameter, cane length, number ofnodes, internode length, and color are given in comparison to ‘Meeker’(non-patented) and ‘Tulameen’ in Table 1. WSU 1090 produces an adequatenumber of canes and is very vigorous. The plant is similar in size to‘Meeker’, which is noted as a large, vigorous cultivar with longfruiting laterals. Plants have been grown in the hill system with 10-12canes retained per hill and the primocanes pruned to 1.2 m in winter.The following summer, fruiting plots were 213 cm tall with a width of158 cm.

[0026] Canes

[0027] Primocane emergence was similar for WSU 1090, ‘Meeker’ and‘Tulameen’ and occurred approximately Mar. 20, 2001. Bud break for WSU1090 was Mar. 9, 2001 and for ‘Tulameen’ Feb. 20, 2001 and for ‘Meeker’Mar. 20, 2001. The cane color measured Mar. 20, 2001 was Grayed Orangegroup (175B) and the color of the bud scales were Grayed Purple group(183A). In midsummer (Jul. 24, 2001) the cane color was much greener,Yellow-Green group (145B). Canes that are less than 30 cm tall have20-40 spines per cm of cane (FIG. 1). At 1 m, the spines were muchsmaller and many fewer, less than 5 spines per cm (FIG. 2). The spinecolor is Red-Purple Group (71A). The spines are straight and pointedtoward the base of the canes. There are pigmented spots at the base ofthe spine that are the same color as the spines. The spine color issimilar to ‘Tulameen’ and much darker than ‘Meeker’. The canes havesparse pubescence, but they have a coating of wax (FIG. 2).

[0028] Leaves

[0029] There is very sparse pubescence on the upper surface of theleaves with a greater density at the leaf margin. The leaflets aregenerally flat in cross-section. The petioles are pubescent and alsohave spines that are similar (but smaller) to those on the canes. Thesespines are visible in FIG. 1.

[0030] Characteristics of primocane leaves are given in Table 2. Theprimocane leaves are pinnately compound with 5 leaflets (FIG. 3).Emerging leaves are green with some reddening. The leaves have 2stipules. The basal lateral leaflets and the distal lateral leafletsoverlap slightly. The leaflets are doubly serrated. The leaflets aregenerally ovate. The tips of all leaflets are acuminate to acute. Thebase of the terminal leaflet is rounded to cordate. The bases of thebasal lateral leaflets are rounded and relatively symmetrical. Thedistal lateral leaflets are sessile with asymmetrical leaf bases.

[0031] Characteristics of floricane leaves are given in Table 3. Thefloricane leaves have 3 leaflets that do not overlap. The leaves have 2stipules. The leaflets are generally ovate. The leaflet tips areacuminate to acute. The leaf bases for the terminal leaflet is cordateand the lateral leaflets are rounded.

[0032] Flowers and Fruit

[0033] Fruit of this variety ripens late in the season, with themidpoint of harvest averaging July 16 and the length of the fruitingseason averaging 24 days at Puyallup, Wash. The midpoint of harvest for‘Tulameen’ (non-patented) averaged July 14 with 28 days for the lengthof the fruiting season. Fruit production has not been observed onprimocanes. Fruit releases easily from the receptacle. Fruit quality ismaintained well in cold storage. The fruit is very large, averaging 5.0g over the season. Early in the fruiting season, fruit was much larger,averaging 8.4 g on Jul. 6, 2001.

[0034] The lateral length, number of nodes, number of flowers, flowerdiameter and color are given in Table 4. Although variable from year toyear and among locations, Mar. 27, 2001 was the date for the first openflowers at Puyallup, Wash., three days before ‘Meeker’. The date of thepeak bloom was Jun. 9, 2001, two days before ‘Meeker’. Flower morphologyis typical of most red raspberry cultivars and is not useful to identifyWSU 1090 (FIG. 4). The petals are White Group (155A), sepalsYellow-Green Group (147C) and pedicels Greyed-Purple Group (184A). Theflowers are perfect with generally 5 sepals, 5 petals and numerousstamens and pistils. Occasionally (approximately 10%) flowers had 6petals. The flowering trusses are cymose in elongate clusters and ateach node on the fruiting lateral the flowers are predominantly bornesingly, or sometimes in clusters of two or more. The flowers have nodiscernable fragrance. The pedicel length, number of fruit and number offruiting nodes are given in Table 5. The pedicel length and number offruit per lateral were similar in WSU 1090 and ‘Meeker’ and greater thanfor ‘Tulameen’. Differences between the number of flowers (Table 4) andnumber of fruit (Table 5) are within sampling errors.

[0035] Fruit morphological characteristics are given in Table 6. Fruitis conic in shape and glossy (FIG. 5). Fruit of WSU 1090 has atraditional red raspberry flavor. Fruit production has not been observedon primocanes. The pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids andanthocyanin concentration of processing ripe fruit are given in Table 7.Soluble solids content of WSU 1090 did not differ from ‘Meeker’ or‘Tulameen’ and titratable acidity was similar to ‘Meeker’ and less than‘Tulameen’. The flavor of WSU 1090 is somewhat similar to ‘Chilliwack’.

[0036] Fruit was also harvested at a fresh market stage and stored at 4°C. for 8 days and then 20° C. for 4 hours (Table 8). Fruit at the freshmarket stage was much lighter in color and more yellow than atprocessing ripe fruit. Fruit darkened and softened during storage, butdid not differ greatly from ‘Tulameen’ in color. Fruit was much firmerthan ‘Tulameen’ and was judged to remain acceptable after storage. Fruitof WSU 1090 was similar to ‘Tulameen’ in color at harvest, and afterstorage. Fruit of WSU 1090 was much firmer at harvest and after storagethan ‘Tulameen’. Fruit firmness of WSU 1090 after storage was similar tofirmness of ‘Tulameen’ at harvest. Based on color and firmness afterstorage, WSU 1090 should store acceptably for fresh market use. Fruitfirmness was measured as the force in grams required to close the fruitopening.

[0037] Fruit production was measured in replicated plots at Puyallup andMt. Vernon (Table 9). Yield for WSU 1090 was similar to ‘Tulameen’ and‘Meeker’ and greater than for ‘Willamette’ (non-patented). Fruit weightaveraged over the season was 5.0 g and very firm (203 g). The midpointof harvest was July 17, two days after ‘Meeker’ and ‘Tulameen’ and 9days after ‘Willamette’.

[0038] Disease Resistance

[0039] WSU 1090 is susceptible to the large raspberry aphid(Amphorophora agathonica) the vector for the mosaic virus complex. It issusceptible to raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) via pollentransmission. In some years this variety has shown high levels of fruitrot (primarily Botrytis cinera) in unsprayed plots, but when observedfor several years, did not differ significantly from other cultivars(Table 9). In unsprayed plots, the canes had a low incidence ofanthracnose and cane botrytis and moderate incidence of spur blight.TABLE 1 Cane measurements taken Jul. 24, 2001 Farm 5, Puyallup, WAPrimocane measurements Number of Diameter (cm) Cane canes at base at 4ft length (cm) WSU 1090 34.7 a 1.39 a 1.43 a 240 a Meeker 34.3 a 1.04 b1.17 a 230 a Tulameen 27.0 a 1.02 b 0.94 a 182 b Primocane measurementsCane Spine Number of No. of Internode color color canes nodes length(cm) RHS² RHS WSU 1090 34.7 a 41.3 a 7.5 a 145B 71A Meeker 34.3 a 44.3 a7.8 a 145A 75A Tulameen 27.0 a 38.3 a 6.2 a 144B 71A Floricanemeasurements Diameter (cm) Cane No. of Internode at base at 4 ft length(cm) nodes length (cm) WSU 1090 1.84 a 1.30 a 188 a 28.7 b 10.0 a Meeker1.40 a 0.65 b  162 ab 30.0 b  6.4 a Tulameen 0.97 a 0.67 b 155 b 47.0 a 2.9 a Floricane measurements

[0040] TABLE 2 Primocane leaves measured at 4 feet on Jul. 24, 2001,Farm 5, Puyallup, WA. WSU 1090 Meeker Tulameen No. leaflets 5 a 5 a 5 astipules length (mm) 3.4 a 6.2 a 4.6 a Petiole length (cm) 9.6 a 10.4 a7.2 b Rachis length (cm) 4.9 a 4.3 ab 3.9 b Terminal leaflet Length (cm)13.0 a 11.5 ab 11.1 b Width (cm) 8.6 a 7.1 b 6.6 b Petiolule length (cm)2.2 a 1.0 a 1.2 a Distal lateral leaflet Length (cm) 9.9 a 8.4 b 7.8 bWidth (cm) 5.2 a 3.9 b 3.6 b Petiolule length (mm) 0 a 0 a 0 a Basallateral leaflet Length (cm) 13.1 a 11.0 b 9.2 c Width (cm) 8.7 a 7.0 b5.7 c Petiolule length (mm) 1.4 a 5.8 a 4.0 a Leaf color Upper surface7.5 GY 3/2 7.5 GY 3/3 7.5 GY 4/3 Munsell Lower surface 5 GY 5/2 5 GY 5/25 GY 6/2 Munsell

[0041] TABLE 3 Floricane leaves measured at 4 feet on Jul. 24, 2001,Farm 5, Puyallup, WA WSU 1090 Meeker Tulameen No. leaflets 3 3 3 Petiolelength (cm) 7.4 a 7.14 a 5.7 b Stipules length (mm) 3.2 b 5.6 a 2.76 bTerminal leaflet Length (cm) 9.7 ab 11.1 a 7.8 b Width (cm) 8.3 a 8.0 a6.7 b Petiolule length (cm) 2.7 a 3.3 a 2.9 a Basal leaflet Length (cm)8.8 a 9.4 a 7.3 b Width (cm) 4.9 b 5.8 a 4.4 b Petiolule length (mm) 1.4b 4.0 a 2.2 b Color Upper surface of leaf 7.5 GY 3/3 7.5 GY 3/3 7.5 GY3/3 Munsell Lower surface of leaf 5 GY 5/2 5 GY 5/2 5 GY 5/2 Munsell

[0042] TABLE 4 Flower data collected Jun. 14, 2001 Farm 5, Puyallup, WAflower diameter sepal to petal to No. of No. of No. sepal petal flowers/nodes/ fruiting (cm) (cm) lateral lateral nodes WSU 1090 2.6 a 1.0 a16.3 b 26.0 a 11.0 a Tulameen 2.3 a 1.5 a 14.7 b 14.3 b  9.3 a No. ofLateral flowers/fruiting length Color^(Z) node (cm) petals sepalspedicels WSU 1090 1.5 b 79.8 a 155A 147C 184A Meeker 2.5 a 69.4 ab 155A194B 184A Tulameen 1.6 b 48.1 b 155C 194B 183B

[0043] TABLE 5 Lateral measurements taken at 4 feet on Jul. 24, 2001,Farm 5, Puyallup, WA Pedicel Number of Number of Number of length (cm)fruit fruiting nodes fruit/node WSU 1090 3.4 a 22.7 a 11.0 a 2.1 aMeeker 3.1 a 23.3 a 11.0 a 2.1 a Tulameen 2.0 b 13.3 b  8.0 a 1.6 a

[0044] TABLE 6 Fruit morphological characteristics, fruit harvested Jul.6, 2001, Farm 5, Puyallup, WA. WSU 1090 Meeker Tulameen length (cm) 3.29a 2.07 d 2.59 c width (cm) 2.41 a 2.05 c 2.18 b Length/width 1.37 a 1.01d 1.19 b Diameter of receptacle (cm) 0.98 a 0.90 b 0.91 ab Length ofreceptacle (cm) 2.78 a 1.47 d 2.26 b No. drupelets 133.6 a 75.2 d 87.1 cFruit weight (g) 8.36 a 4.26 c 5.48 b Drupelet weight (mg) 62.7 a 58.6 a63.0 a Drupelet length (mm) 5.5 a 5.0 cd 5.4 ab Drupelet width (mm) 4.2a 3.7 a 4.0 a Seed weight/fruit (g) 0.29 a 0.15 c 0.18 b Individual seedwt (mg) 2.16 a 1.99 a 2.09 a Color (Munsell) 2.5 R 3/4 2.5 R 3/6 2.5 R3/6 Chilliwack WSU 994 length (cm) 2.13 d 2.80 b width (cm) 1.92 d 2.06c Length/width 1.11 c 1.36 a Diameter of receptacle (cm) 0.84 b 0.90 bLength of receptacle (cm) 1.70 d 2.29 b No. drupelets 74.0 d 119.0 bFruit weight (g) 3.55 d 5.43 b Drupelet weight (mg) 48.1 b 47.1 bDrupelet length (mm) 4.6 c 5.1 bc Drupelet width (mm) 3.8 a 3.6 a Seedweight/fruit (g) 0.16 c 0.20 b Individual seed wt (mg) 2.10 ab 1.72 bColor (Munsell) 2.5 R 3/6 2.5 R 3/7

[0045] TABLE 7 Analysis of raspberry fruit harvested July 2000, Farm 5,Puyallup, WA. Titratable acidity Soluble Anthocyanins pH (% citric acid)solids (%) (mg/g fruit) WSU 1090 2.98 b 1.18 b 10.4 a 0.440 b Meeker3.18 a 1.05 b 11.8 a 0.468 b Tulameen 3.00 b 1.48 a 11.3 a 0.406 bWillamette 2.96 b 1.52 a 11.4 a 0.748 a

[0046] TABLE 8 Storage of fruit harvested Jul. 16, 2001, Farm 5,Puyallup, WA Fruit characteristics prior to Fruit characteristics afterstorage storage Munsell Munsell color color Firmness (g) designationFirmness (g) designation WSU 1090 364 a 5 R 3/7 238 a 2.5 R 3/5 Tulameen234 b 5 R 3/6 138 b 2.5 R 3/5

[0047] TABLE 9 Combined harvest data from six harvest seasons. FruitYield Fruit rot Fruit firmness (t/a) (%) wt. (g) (g) WSU 1090 7.8 a 9.8a 5.0 a 203 a Tulameen 7.8 a 5.6 a 4.3 b 174 c Meeker 7.1 a 5.9 a 3.3 c180 b Willamette 5.8 b 5.1 a 3.2 c 180 bc Harvest season 5% 50% 95%Length of harvest harvest harvest season (days) WSU 1090 7/5 a 7/17 a7/29 a 24 b Tulameen 7/3 a 7/15 a 7/30 a 28 a Meeker 7/3 a 7/15 a 7/28 a26 ab Willamette 6/27 b 7/8 b 7/21 b 23 b

I claim:
 1. A new and distinct variety of raspberry plant, asillustrated and described herein.